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It is an proxy or proxy server, is a server-related software that serves as an intermediary between a server and a client on the internet. With no intermediaries, a user would be able to send a request every resource straight to the server and the server would then serve direct the resource requested to the customer. While this procedure is easy to comprehend and implement with proxy servers, it does offer advantages such as greater performance and privacy, security and more. As a pass-through layer, the proxy serves as a guardian of the internet between the servers and clients.

Generally speaking, the bundled system of hardware for servers and the software for proxy installation is commonly referred to by the name proxy servers. In this article, we will focus on proxies typically understood as software, as well as the ones used in conjunction with web servers. This article will give a detailed breakdown of the two major types of proxies: forward proxy and a reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind of proxy has its own specific use case, and is often misunderstood due the similar naming convention.

This article will give you some understanding about what proxies and their subtypes are and what they can accomplish for common setups. Through this article, users can identify the scenarios in which an effective proxy could be advantageous, and then choose the right solution between reverse and forward proxy for any particular situation.

Understanding Forward Proxies

Also forward proxy, also known as an open proxy is the client's representative who is trying to transmit an internet request to the server from which it originated. In this case, the entire request to send it by the client will be sent by the forward-proxy. In this scenario an agent acting on behalf of the forward proxy in the place of the client will review the request. First, it will determine whether the client is authorized to make requests via this particular forward proxy. It then will reject the request as well as forward it to the original server. The client is unable to have direct connection to the internet; it can only reach what forward proxy grants it access to.

One of the most frequent reasons for forward proxy is greater privacy or anonymity on the internet. A forward proxy is able to access the internet in place of a client and, in doing so, could use an alternate IP address in place of the original IP address of the client.

Based on the way it was configured in the past forward proxy servers may provide a variety of functions and allow you to:

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  Do not be a victim of ad tracking.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You can spot limitations based on your geographic location.
  
  

Forward proxies are also used in security systems that require centralized and have permission-based access like in a workplace. When all internet traffic passes through a common forward proxy layer administrators can restrict access to certain people to connect on the internet, and this is filtered by an common firewall. Instead of having firewalls installed to protect the client layer that could be comprised of a variety of devices that are different in environments and users and environment, a firewall may be placed at an intermediate layer.

It is important to note that forward proxy servers must be manually set up in order to be used but reverse proxies are not noticed to the user. Based on whether or not the IP address of a client is transmitted to the origin server via an forward proxy. Privacy and anonymity can be granted, or not noticed.

There are several possibilities to look into to find forward-looking proxy services:

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  Apache is an well-known open-source web server, that offers forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another popular open-source server for web hosting that has forward proxy functions.
  
  
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  Squid is an open-source forward proxy that makes use of an HTTP protocol. This option doesn't include the entire web server. We've got a guide on how to configure Squid proxy so that it allows private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and is more appropriate for scenarios like peer-to peer traffic. You can also explore how you can set up Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy functions as an agent of a web server that handles incoming requests by clients on its behalf. This server can consist of a single server or even multiple servers. It could also serve in the role of an application server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations it is possible to get a request from a user through the internet in general. Most of the time, this request will go direct to the website hosting the resources the client is in need of. A reverse proxy is a intermediary, which separates Web servers and direct interactions with the internet.

From a client's viewpoint, which is the user's perspective using reverse proxy isn't any different than connecting to your webserver directly. It's the same thing, however the client can't tell the difference. The customer requests an item and receives it with no additional configurations that need to be done by the customer.

Reverse proxy proxy servers can offer options, such as:

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  A centralized layer of security to protect the server.
  
  
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  Controlling traffic coming inbound according to rules you can create.
  
  
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  A new feature to cache is now available.
  
  

While central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy service, reverse proxies provide this service to this layer of the internet server and not to clients. Instead of focusing on the maintenance of firewalls at the layer of web servers that may contain multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk of firewall security is directed at this layer. Furthermore, removing the obligation of interfacing with a firewall and also interacting with client requests off of web servers enables them to concentrate on the requirements of their clients.

If there are multiple servers that are running a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also handles how requests are routed on which server. A number of web servers could be offering the same content, but each serving different types of content or a combination of both. These servers could use the HTTP protocol just like a standard web server, however, they may include applications server protocols such as FastCGI. It is also possible to set up reverse proxy servers to redirect clients to specific servers based on the requested resource or to follow certain rules for traffic load.

Reverse proxies also can make use of their position in front of web servers, by offering the ability to cache data. Large static files can be set using caching rules to prevent the server from getting hit every time a request is made Certain solutions offer the option to provide static files directly, without involving the server in any way. Furthermore the reverse proxy can manage the compression of these assets.

The popular Nginx webserver is a well-known reverse proxy service. Although it is true that the Apache web server is also equipped with a reverse proxy functionality as an added choice for Apache and is in contrast to Nginx was initially designed for and specifically focused on reverse proxy capabilities.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use Cases

Since "forward" along with "reverse" are ascribed to an impression of directionality and false comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic. These labels can be confusing since each type of proxy handles requests and responses. Instead, a better way to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy services is to think about the requirements of the application you're creating.

Reverse proxy can be useful in designing a solution that can serve web-based applications via the internet. They are your web servers in all interactions on the web.

A forward proxy can be helpful when placed on the internet in front of traffic from clients to your personal use, or in a work environment. They represent the traffic of your clients whenever you interact on the internet.

Differentiating by use case as opposed to focusing only on similar naming conventions will assist you in eliminating confusion.

Conclusion

This article will explain what a proxy is, with the two major types being the reverse and forward proxy. Practical application scenarios as well as an examination of the most useful attributes were used to define forward proxies as well as reverse proxies. If you're interested in learning more about how to implement proxy servers, check out our tutorial on how you can install Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy on Apache using one Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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