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A proxy, also known as a proxy, also known as a proxy server also referred to a proxy server, is a software that acts as a mediator between a client and server on the internet. Without a proxy, a client could send a request for resources directly to the server and it would deliver that resource to its user directly. Although this is a simple process to understand and implement using proxy services, it may bring benefits in the form of increased performance as well as privacy, security and much more. As an additional layer of pass-through proxy, it acts as a security guard for the internet between servers and clients.

The general combination of server hardware and proxy software is commonly known as proxy servers. In this article, we will concentrate on proxy servers, which are generally described as software, and also in the context of web servers. We will provide a description of the two primary types of proxy servers: the forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each type has a different application, and is frequently confused due to a similar the namesake convention.

This article will give you an understanding of what proxy services and their subtypes are and their importance in standard setups. Through this post, you'll know what circumstances where a reliable proxy could be useful and pick the right option between reverse and forward proxy depending on the circumstance.

Understanding Forward Proxies

A forward proxy, also called an open proxy acts as an intermediary between the client who is trying to connect via the internet to an source server. In this case every request made by the client will instead be sent straight to the forward proxy. A forward proxy acting in the place of the client will review the request. First, it will decide if the client's allowed be able to accept requests through this particular forward proxy. It will then deny any request or forward it to the server that originally received it. The client does not have directly access to internet. It can access only the web pages that forward proxy grants it access to.

A very frequent uses for forward proxies is to gain greater privacy and security when surfing the internet. Forward proxy makes use of the internet as a client, and in that process, it uses an alternative IP address for the client's original IP address.

Based on how it has been configured depending on how it is configured, forward proxy may offer different features depending on the way it's configured and allows you to:

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  Avoid tracking ads.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You will be able to identify any restrictions based on your geographical location.
  
  

Forward proxies are also used in systems that provide central security and access based on permissions, such as in a workplace. The entire internet can be passed through an open forward proxy. an administrator is able to limit access to specific clients to the internet that is protected by a standard firewall. Instead of having firewalls in place on the client layer, which may include multiple computers with various configurations and users, it is possible to install an firewall that is located in the layer that forwards proxy traffic.

Be aware to note that settings for forward proxy should be manually set up to be used, however reverse proxies will be disregarded in the eyes of the user. Depending on whether your IP address a user is sent to the server where it originated via the forward proxy, privacy and security may be granted or kept secret.

There are a myriad of alternatives to think about when it comes to forward proxy:

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  Apache is a well-known open-source web server that provides forward-looking proxy features.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another widely used open-source web hosting server that has forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Squid: A free forward proxy which uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the entire web server. Read our guide on how to install Squid proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante is an forward proxy which makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it more to handle peer-to-peer traffic. You may also want to look at how you can configure Dante proxy to allow connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy acts as the web server that handles the incoming requests of customers on behalf of. The web server may represent a single or a number of servers. It may even be an application server such as Gunicorn. In all of these scenarios, an application request comes from a user via the internet. The majority of the time, the request would be directed directly to a web server with the resources the client is requesting. In contrast, a reverse proxy functions as an intermediary that isolates your website server from communication with the internet's open.

From the viewpoint of the client an individual's point of view the procedure of using reverse proxy isn't different from connecting to a Web server through direct communication. It's the same process, and the client cannot tell the difference. The client makes a request for an item, and it is followed by its receipt, without any additional configurations required for the user.

Reverse proxies offer options like:

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  A central layer of security to guard the server.
  
  
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  Incoming traffic is directed based on the rules you determine.
  
  
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  New caching functionality has been added.
  
  

While centralized security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy, reverse proxies do this feature to the web server layer, but not to the client layer. In lieu of focussing on the upkeep of firewalls on the layer of web servers, which can contain a variety of servers with different configurations, the majority of the firewall security is aimed at the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, the elimination of the responsibility of communicating with firewalls as well as communicating with clients who are far from web servers permits them to focus on serving the needs of their customers.

In the event of multiple servers running through a reverse proxy reverse proxy also is responsible for directing which requests will go via which server. There could be multiple web servers that provide the same content, each providing different services, or a mix of both. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol that is a standard web server, but they can also include other protocols used by application servers, such as FastCGI. It is also possible to set up reverse proxy servers to redirect visitors to specific server depending on the resource requested, or to follow certain guidelines regarding the load of traffic.

Reverse proxies can also take advantage of their location on top of web servers by giving them the capability to store data. Massive static resources can be set up with caching policy to avoid hitting web servers with each request. Certain solutions allow you to serve static files directly without having to contact Web servers in any form. In addition, the reverse proxy can help compress these assets.

The popular Nginx web server is also used as a well-known reverse proxy option. However, a similar feature in the Apache web server, it has reverse proxy functions as an added option that is accessible for Apache while Nginx was initially designed to and is focused on the reverse proxy feature.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Situations

Since "forward" along with "reverse" have connotations of directionality, and false comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic, these labels can be confusing since both types of proxy servers process requests and responses. Better yet, the best method to distinguish between the reverse and forward proxy types is to research the requirements of the app you're creating.

A reverse proxy could be useful when designing a solution for serving websites on the internet. They are your servers when you interact with the internet.

Forward proxy is helpful when displayed in front of customers to facilitate the purpose of your own use or even in a work setting. They represent the traffic of your clients through any interaction on the internet.

The use case-based differentiation instead of focusing on standard naming conventions could help in avoidance of confusion.

Conclusion

In this article, we explained what a proxy is, and compared it to the two most common types that are forward and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and a review of the benefits were used to identify forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're interested in learning more about how proxies are implemented, you can check out our guide on how to configure Nginx as reverse and web server proxy on Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 Server.

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